The Dong Ho folk painting craft was included in UNESCO’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in Need of Urgent Safeguarding at the 20th session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH on December 9 in New Delhi, India, according to the Department of Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.

  Traditional Dong Ho folk paintings were historically produced at the end of the year to serve the decorating and worshipping needs of Vietnamese families during the Lunar New Year(2025). Photo: VNA  

This is Vietnam’s 17th intangible cultural heritage element recognised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

The committee found that the craft meets all criteria for urgent safeguarding. Dong Ho folk paintings are closely tied to major traditional festivals, including the Lunar New Year and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as ancestral and deity worship. However, only a handful of families in Bac Ninh province still practise the craft, passing skills down informally within households. The number of skilled artisans has fallen sharply due to limited economic prospects and declining demand for traditional woodblock prints during festivals, leaving too few practitioners to sustain transmission.

  An artisan with good carving skills can create neat, delicate, fine, and sharp lines. Photo: Hoang Hieu/VNA  

Vietnam’s safeguarding plan includes training classes, systematic inventorying, design development, market diversification, improved access to raw materials, and the provision of protective equipment for artisans. UNESCO assessed these measures as feasible, sustainable and inclusive, with the practising community playing a central role. The nomination file also demonstrated the active involvement of local families in preparing documents and maintaining updated heritage inventories.

UNESCO encouraged Vietnam to integrate the craft into both formal and informal education to foster understanding among younger generations and strengthen long-term preservation efforts.

  The colored inks used in Dong Ho paintings are all made from natural materials. Photo: VNA  

The craft originated some 500 years ago in Dong Khe street, Thuan Thanh district, Bac Ninh province, where communities developed a distinctive style of woodblock printing. Themes span worship paintings, blessings, historical narratives, daily life and landscapes, traditionally displayed during New Year celebrations and in ancestral altars. Every stage of production — from sketching the design to carving woodblocks, preparing colours and printing — is carried out by hand.

Designs are drawn using brushes and Chinese ink on do (poonah) paper before being carved into wooden blocks. Colours are produced from natural materials such as indigo for green, seashell powder for white, and ash from bamboo leaves or rice straw for black. Prints are made by pressing each coloured woodblock sequentially onto paper coated with diep flakes, with red applied first and black lines added last.

  Meritorious Artisan Nguyen Huu Qua, the 13th generation to practice Dong Ho painting, is delighted as his grandson enjoys drawing ancient Dong Ho frames. Photo: Hoang Hieu/VNA  

The Department of Cultural Heritage said UNESCO’s recognition affirms the craft’s artistic and historical value and provides fresh momentum for safeguarding a tradition at risk of disappearing. It is expected to raise public awareness, encourage youth engagement and mobilise support from local authorities and cultural organisations. The inscription also enhances Vietnam’s cultural visibility internationally and reinforces pride in the country’s heritage diversity, the department stated.

Vietnam currently has 37 heritage elements recognised on UNESCO’s various lists, including world cultural and natural heritage sites, intangible cultural heritage elements, and documentary heritage entries. Bac Ninh province alone is home to several notable UNESCO-inscribed elements, including Quan ho (love duet singing), Ca tru (ceremonial singing), Mother Goddess worship and Huu Chap tug-of-war tradition, underscoring its role as a major centre of Vietnamese cultural identity./.